Sample preparation of biological macromolecular assemblies for the determination of high-resolution structures by cryo-electron microscopy

Macromolecular structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy.

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (EM) hardware, low-temperature methods and image-processing software have made cryo-EM an important complement to X-ray crystallography and NMR for macromolecular structure determination, particularly of large assemblies. This review provides a summary of the main advances and a survey of the capabilities of this approach.

Introduction to high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy.

For many years two techniques have dominated structural biology - X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Traditional cryo-electron microscopy of biological macromolecules produced macromolecular reconstructions at resolution limited to 6-10 Å. Recent development of transmission electron microscopes, in particular the development of direct electron detectors, and continuous improvements in ...

study of cohesive devices in the textbook of english for the students of apsychology by rastegarpour

this study investigates the cohesive devices used in the textbook of english for the students of psychology. the research questions and hypotheses in the present study are based on what frequency and distribution of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are. then, to answer the questions all grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading comprehension passages from 6 units of 21units th...

Single-step antibody-based affinity cryo-electron microscopy for imaging and structural analysis of macromolecular assemblies.

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an emerging powerful tool for structural studies of macromolecular assemblies (i.e., protein complexes and viruses). Although single particle cryo-EM requires less concentrated and smaller amounts of samples than X-ray crystallography, it remains challenging to study specimens that are low-abundance, low-yield, or short-lived. The recent dev...

Structural Analysis of Macromolecular Assemblies by Electron Microscopy